THE ILLUMINATI IN EUROPE 1776-1815 . Adam Weishaupt, the founder of the order.
The creator of the Order of the Illuminati was Dr. Adam Weishaupt, born February 6, 1748, which was the son of a Jewish rabbi. When his father died in 1753, it was converted to Christianity by his godfather, Baron Johann Adam Ickstatt, who had the responsibility of his education from the Jesuits. In 1742, Ickstatt be appointed by the Jesuits to become the curator of the University of Ingolstadt, in order to reorganize. He retired in 1765.
Although Weishaupt later became a priest, he had developed a hatred for the Jesuits, and later became an atheist. With access to the private library of his godfather Ickstatt, the young man became interested in the work of French philosophers, to study law, economics, politics and history.
is believed that Weishaupt got his ideas concerning the destruction of religion in general and the Catholic Church in particular, from the texts of Voltaire. He studied in France where he will meet Robespierre (who became one of the initiators of the French Revolution), and befriends a few people in the court of Versailles. And through other contacts, it has been introduced into environments of Satanism.
He will graduate from the University of Ingolstadt (Bavaria) in 1768. He served four years as a tutor until he was promoted to instructor. In 1772, Weishaupt was a professor of civil law. In 1773 he was appointed professor of canon law, a position which was only held by the Jesuits for 90 years. They had founded most universities, and kept strict control over the allocation of positions to counter the Protestant influence.
In 1770, he was noted by Meyer Amschel Rothschild and meet several fos ..
In 1773, Weishaupt married against the wishes of Ickstatt, who denounced him. Two years later, at age 27, he was Dean of the Faculty of Law. The Jesuits, worried about his progress as fast, tried to thwart his influence by conspiring against him and his liberal thinking. It was then that Weishaupt began to build his organization from the faculty. To confuse his detractors, he founded an organizational structure modeled on that of the Jesuits. His intention was to have a secret coalition, to promote and ensure the triumph of liberalism.
The origins of the doctrine and the avowed purpose of the order.
Weishaupt had studied the doctrines of Christian anti-Manichaean, whose teachings were on astrology, medicine and magic. He had been indoctrinated into Egyptian occult practices by a merchant named Kolmer, who had traveled across Europe since 1771. Weishaupt also consider the power of the mysteries of Eleusis and the influence of the sect of the Pythagoreans (after Pythagoras's theories. It was in the 6th century BC philosopher who taught that men and women should combine their effects, which become the basic philosophy to arrive at communism). Weishaupt also studied the teachings of the Essenes, and procured several books "initiation" as copies of the "Kabbalah", "the major key of Solomon" and "the Key of Solomon, which showed her how to exorcise demons and to pagan rituals.
He also studied various Masonic writings after meeting a Protestant Freemason from Hanover. At first he thought the establishment of a Masonic organization upper, which would be composed of men with high capacities in all areas, but has subsequently concluded that Masonry was too open in his recruitment.
Weishaupt has worked for nearly five years to develop a plan whereby all of its ideas could be reduced to a single system, which would be used to fight against, he said, "the oppression of religion," causing a loosening of social ties. He wanted to replace Christianity with a religion of reason. " His first idea was to form an organization of the "Schools of Wisdom", whose purpose is to "make the human race, a good and happy family." He said work towards the perfection of morality, so he thought the name the group "Perfectibiliss" but he found that the name lacked the air of mystery and secrecy he sought.
In 1774, he published an article entitled "Fiction" Sidonii Apollinarus Fragment ", which he said was, it was used to prepare the people for the" doctrine of reason. " Weishaupt had written:
"Princes and nations will disappear without violence from the earth. The human race will become a family, and the world will housing rational men."
In May 1776, under the direction of the new House of Rothschild (and Wessely, Moses, Mendelssohn, and bankers Itzig, Friedlander, and Meyer) of the maneuvers began to incite the American Revolution. Not to weaken Great Britain, but for a new territory, free to shape their principles. Weishaupt founded originally the "Old Bavarian lights", which later became better known under the name "Order of the Illuminati of Bavaria." Weishaupt says that the name was derived Luciferian teachings (the Luciferian are also called "owners of the Light").
Officially, "Illuminati" or "enlightened" will mean "highlight" or "bringing Light. "Wanting to refer to someone who is enlightened, spiritually and intellectually. But the real reason for the name, is the party-took anti-religious (before becoming the Devil, Satan when he was still an angel was called Lucifer, which means "light bearer").
Before them, there were other groups with similar names.
Earlier, there had been groups with similar names. As the group known as the "single lamp", founded by Joachim of Fiore in the eleventh century, who taught a primitive ideology of "poverty and equality".
There was also the "Rosheniah" other "unique illumination. It was a group in Afghanistan during the sixteenth century, seeking "enlightenment" of the Supreme Being, who wanted a class of perfect men. After reaching the fourth degree, "the awakened one," the insider, was supposed to receive mystical powers, and when the last and eighth grade was reached, they said they had now reached perfection. An Afghan scholar said that their goal was to influence important people, to establish harmony in the world, and were devoted to the fight against tyranny of the Moguls, who were then leaders of India. The group survived until the 1700s. The
Alumbrados, the "enlightened", was a mysterious movement in Spain during the sixteenth and seventeenth century, who believed that when a person had reached a certain degree of perfection, she had a vision of God, then could enter into direct communication with the Holy Spirit. Once this level is reached, a person would not do good works, because it would have received the "fire". Once they had been "fire" they were supposed to possess superior human intelligence.
Their members were mostly reformed Franciscans and the Jesuits. The Inquisition promulgated an edict against them in 1568, 1574 and 1623. Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Jesuits, was jailed for having been a member. This condemnation forced the movement to emigrate to France, where in 1654 they resurfaced under the name of "Guérinet light.
The "Illuminati" is also the name of a German sect that existed in the fifteenth century, which professed to receive the "light" of Satan. It was also the name of an organization, very much influenced by the writings of Emmanuel Swedenborg, who had been created in 1760 in Avignon. This "Swedenborgian philosophy," also produced the Theosophists in 1766 in Paris, then London, but this was short lived.
Although it would be interesting to know more, there is no documentation to suggest that Weishaupt's Order of the Illuminati would be a continuation of one or other of these groups. However, if their teachings and philosophy have had an influence on him is another question. Surely there is some "spiritual philosophy" that binds them all together.
The organization of the order.
Starting with only five members (Weishaupt and his entourage), the Illuminati will not be fully operational before 1778. Weishaupt wrote:
"The great strength of our Order lies in its concealment, let it never appear anywhere in his own name, but always covered by another name and another occupation. None is better than three lower degrees of Freemasonry. The public is accustomed to it, she expects little from it, and takes so little attention ... For the college to be secret, and works silently because it is better secured from the oppression of those in power, and because this secrecy gives a greater joy to all. "
Order consisted of three degrees: Novice, Minerval Minerval and bright. He had been organized in a manner similar to Freemasonry and the Jesuits. Although he admired the structure of the Jesuit hierarchy, he wrote that no ex-Jesuits were to be admitted, unless specifically allowed. Their rites and ceremonies were similar to the Freemasons. Their goal, he said, was to have a world with one government, to allow the elite to rule the world, thus avoiding future wars. One of their first programs will be written to distribute anti-religious leaders and criticize religious, which would be seen as obstacles to social progress, and to oppose the "enemies of mankind and society."
All members were required to adopt pseudonyms (names of classics). Weishaupt was called "Spartacus" (who was the leader of the slave revolt in ancient Rome). His right-hand man, Xavier von Zwack, a lawyer from the Prince von Salm, was known as "Cato" Nicolai, the bookseller, was "Lucian" Professor Westenreider was "Pythagoras" Canon Hertel was "Marius", the Marquis Constanza was "Diomedes"; Massenhausen was "Ajar", Baron von Schroeckenstein was "Mohomed", and Baron von Mengenhofen was "Sylla."
Their headquarters was in Munich in Germany and was known as "the Grand Lodge of the Illuminati" (as the Grand Orient Lodge) and had the code name of "Athens". Among the other four regional headquarters: Ingolstadt was known as "Ephesus," Heidelberg Utica as "Achaia" and Frankfurt as "Thebes".
A new timetable had been set up and the months known, will be replaced by names inspired by the Hebrew language: January was becoming "Dimeh", and February, "Benmeh ",... etc. They began their calendar and dated their letters according to the Persian period (after King Jezdegerd, who began to reign in Persia in 632 BC). Their new year began on March 21, which according to some sources is the New Year's Day for witches.
In 1777, Weishaupt joined the "Eclectic Masonic Lodge Theodore of Good Counsel" in Munich and at the end of 1778, there came the idea of merging the Illuminati and the Freemasons. Xavier von Zwack became a Mason November 27, 1778, and worked with a brother Mason, Abbe Marotti, who divulged the secrets of the Masonic Order. By mid 1779, the Masonic lodge in Munich had come under full influence of the Illuminati.
During the first four years, about 60 active members had been recruited by a committee known as the "Insinuators", and around 1000 were indirectly become affiliated with the College. Soon, three other enclaves were established.
Few knew the supreme direction of the College. Only those present in the inner circle, known as the "Areopagite" (meaning a Tribunal), were aware of their true purpose. To all others, Weishaupt said he wanted a world with one government to prevent all future wars. They were told that the Order represented the highest ideals of the Church, that Christ was the first militant of the Enlightenment, and his secret mission was to make men the freedom and equality of origin that they had lost in the Garden of Eden. Weishaupt said that Christ exhorted his disciples to despise riches, to prepare the world community property that would end with the property.
Female members of the order were divided into two groups: one group of society women, to give the organization an air of respectability and another group "that would help to satisfy those brothers who had a penchant for fun. "The Illuminati also used bribery and prostitution, to take control of the men in high places, to then be able to blackmail with the threat of exposure public, which would cause financial ruin and public, and also the fear of death.
Many battles and internal rivalries have developed and maintained were due to Weishaupt's thirst for power.
In 1780, a new Member, Baron Franz Friedrich Knigge, was recruited and he was given the pseudonym of "Philo". Knigge was born October 16, 1752. He studied law in Göttingen, and served in the courts of Hesse-Cassel and Weimar. He was a famous writer, about romance, poetry and philosophy. He joined the Masonic lodge of the "Strict Observance". He participated in the creation of a new Masonic lodge at Hanau. Because of his involvement in the development and interest in the occult, magic and alchemy, he JOIN the Rosicrucians, a secret organization that began in the fourteenth century.
He later renounced alchemy, and devoted himself to developing a form of masonry which enable man to regain the perfection that once had, before the fall of Adam and Eve. His idea was to reform the Masons and he would make proposals to the Congress Wilhelmsbad. However, the Marquis of Constanza (known as one of the most famous of the Illuminati) informed that the Illuminati had already done. To attract, Weishaupt portrayed him as the order supposedly the greatest advances in science and dedicated to the promotion philosopher. Knigge and arrived in the Order.
Knigge was definitely a recruitment options, because he had a talent for organization, and soon became the leader of the Circle of Westphalia. He played a role in promoting merger between the Masons and the Illuminati. But later, seeing their true nature, he then denounced the Illuminati, and became a devout Catholic.
Due to the dynamic which might improve the condition of Jews in 1781, will be adopted a resolution to allow Jews to be received in the boxes. It is obvious that this was done for financial reasons, because the Illuminati moved their headquarters were in Frankfurt, Germany, a stronghold of Jewish finance. As they needed money for the propagation of the order throughout Germany, money was collected from major Jewish families such as Oppenheimer, Wertheimer, Schusters, Speyers, Sterns, and of course, the Rothschilds. However, the arguments that the Illuminati were all of Jewish origin are totally unfounded.
The order is growing.
From Bavaria, the Order of the Illuminati spread into Upper and Lower Rhine, Swabia, the provinces of Franconia, Westphalia, Upper and Lower Saxony, Austria and Switzerland. Soon they had over 300 members, including students, businessmen, doctors, lawyers, judges, professors, civil servants, bankers, and Ministers.
In 1783, there were over 600 members, and in 1784, membership has reached nearly 3000. In 1786, they had many branches in Germany, Austria, Hungary, England, Scotland, Poland, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, Holland, Spain, Sweden, Russia, Ireland, Africa and America.
During the 3rd Masonic Congress in Frankfurt in 1786, the Illuminati virtually controlled all the Masonic lodges. And the order awarding scholarships, to enter in schools maintained by the odre. Today, there are many of these schools. Prince Philip, husband of Queen Elizabeth II, was educated in a school at the Illuminati Gordonstown, Scotland, at the insistence of Lord Louis Mountbatten. Those who were trained in these schools were placed in strategic locations, to become advisors to perpetuate Illuminati goals.
The April 20, 1784 Knigge asked to leave the Order, then it will be followed by Baron Bassus ("Hannibal"), Count Torring, Prince Kreitmaier and others. In July, Knigge signed an agreement promising to return all documents in his possession, and keep silent about what he knew about their plans and activities. Some researchers believe that Knigge had also discovered that Weishaupt was a Satanist. He resumed his work as a writer before becoming an inspector of schools in Bremen, where he died May 6, 1796.
The order was disbanded.
In October 1783, Joseph Utzschneider, a lawyer who had left the order in August, presented to the Duchess Anna Maria a document which detailed the activities of the Illuminati. He was unhappy because he had been promoted too slowly and that drove him constantly to prove his loyalty. The Duchess spoke to the Duke of Dalberg.
June 22, 1784, Duke Karl Theodore Dalberg, the Elector Palatinate of Bavaria, then discovered that information on the exact goals of the Illuminati. On 2 March 1785, he published a proclamation, designed to identify the Illuminati as a branch of Freemasonry, and ordered that their Lodges be shut down. The government then began a struggle against the order, begin by launching criminal investigations in Ingolstadt. In an attempt to preserve the secrecy of their true motives, the Areopagite they burned many documents, but the Bavarian state government will be able to enter other papers, which will be found in Lodges. After
replaced at the University in February 1785, Weishaupt crossed the border to Regensburg, finally settling in Gotha, where he found refuge with another Illuminati, Duke of Saxe-Gotha.
In April 1785, Utzschneider managed to convince three other members to come forward. They were all college professors at the Academy of Marienburg (Mariane) who had doubts about the validity of the principles of order, when they discover they do not receive mystical powers. They were also unhappy with the tyranny of Weishaupt. Cossandey, Grunberger, and Renner were presented before the Commission of Inquiry September 9, 1785, where they each provide valuable information, such as membership lists, and revealed their aims and objectives, they résumèrent in the following six points:
- Abolition of the monarchy and all government ordered;
- Abolition of private property;
- Abolition of inheritance;
- Abolition of patriotism;
- Abolition of the family by the abolition of marriage, morality and the institution of 'municipal education for children;
- Abolition of all religion.
The aim was to divide the people politically, socially and economically power contribute to weakening the country and to create a world government. They affirmed that "all religions, all love of country and loyalty to sovereigns, were to be destroyed ...".
The government pardoned all officers and soldiers who publicly acknowledged their membership. Those who had not confessed and were found to be members, lost their rank and quality, and will be removed from office, and officers degraded.
Weishaupt was preparing to put his plans into effect for the French Revolution. In July 1785 he asked Zwack to put their plans in writing form of a book. This book contained a history of the Illuminati, and many of their ideas and their future projects. A copy was sent by a courier on horseback (the name of Jacob Lanze) members of the Illuminati in Paris and Silesia. However, after leaving Frankfurt, as the mail passed through Regensburg (another source says the city of Regensburg), he was struck by lightning and mourru (another source indicates the possibility he was murdered). The authorities found the book and gave it to the government.
Xavier Zwack ('Cato'), a government lawyer and one of the most prominent proponent of College, whose name was on the list provided by Renner, had his house raided by police in Landshut in October 1785 and his papers seized. He then was removed from office. Many books, documents, papers and correspondence were discovered more than 200 letters written between Weishaupt and the members of the Areopagite, which dealt with matters of great secrecy. The search of the house of Baron Bassus and Count Massenhausen ("Ajar"), brought still more information. Among the documents seized were tables which contained their secret codes and symbols, secret agenda, the geographic location of the venue, badges, instructions for recruitment, articles, a partial list of members, seals and nearly 130 government officials who had served in the counterfeiting or forgery of official documents.
Needless to say, all this information made more light on the Order and the danger created by the government had become a national emergency. In 1786, the government meets all the documents seized and they were published in a book called Original Writings of the Order and the Illuminati sect "which will be distributed to all the crowned heads and heads of government in Europe, including France , to warn them of impending danger.
leaders of the Order who appeared before the Commission of Inquiry reported that the organization was dedicated to the downfall of the Church and State. However, these revelations and the publication of their papers had little effect on the public because of their incredible claims. New measures have been taken by government officials. The final blow was dealt August 16, 1787, when Dalberg issued his final proclamation against the Illuminati. Any person found guilty of recruiting members were to be executed, while those who have been recruited, would have their goods confiscated and then be deported.
Zwack, who had been banished, then was appointed to an official in the Principality of Salm-Kyburg. He contributed to the continuity of the Illuminati movement in Holland. He was later summoned by Dalberg, the government tried to solve the problem of fugitives who tried to rearrange the order. Zwack fled thereafter to England.
November 15, 1790, another edict was signed against members of the organization. Anyone found to be an active member should be put to death. The following year, a list of 91 names of suspected members had been established. They have all been hunted down and banished. This hunt does not end until 1799.
The French Revolution.
To hide their subversive activities, the most senior members of the Order began to masquerade as philanthropists and humanitarians. Weishaupt fled to Switzerland, later, he returned to Germany, where the Duke of Saxe-Gotha give him refuge. The Order moved their headquarters to London, where he began to grow. Weishaupt told his followers to infiltrate the lodges of the masonry to form secret circles within them. Only Masons who had proved themselves as internationalists and atheists have been launched in the Illuminati.
The Illuminati began to spread their ideas in France in 1787, thanks to Count Gabriel de Mirabeau Riqueti Victor (pseudonym "Leonidas") who had been approached by Colonel Jacob Mauvillon while he was in Berlin for a secret mission to King Louis XVI in 1786. Mirabeau introduced Illuminati principles at the Masonic Lodge of Friends Meeting (Paris Lodge, later renamed the "Philalethes"), and initiated Abbé Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord (a clerk of court of the House of Bourbon and will Foreign Minister under Napoleon). Initiations of new members took place at the Grand Lodge of the Illuminati, thirty miles of Paris, home of the Marquis Ermenonville property of Gerardin.
Count Alessandro de Cagliostro (also known under the name Giuseppe Balsamo), joined the Illuminati in Mitau (near Frankfurt) in 1780. He discovered that they had money available to them in banks at Amsterdam, Rotterdam, London, Genoa and Venice. And that the Illuminati had several hundred feet to the ground across Europe and America, and that their members had served in all the European courts. Cagliostro was instructed to go to Strasbourg to take the necessary initial contacts in view of preparing the future revolution. Identified as a Grand Master of the Priory of Sion is believed to have liaised between them and the Illuminati. He was arrested in Rome in 1790 for revolutionary activities.
French Freemasons were involved in a plot to overthrow the monarchy, under the pretext of freedom and equality, to have an elected government by and for the people. Jeremy Bentham and William Petty (Earl of Shelburne) have their part in the preparation of the Revolution. Thereafter, they will find themselves in America.
In 1788, at the request of Mirabeau and Talleyrand, Johann Joachim Christoph Bode ("Amélius"), a lawyer in Weimar and a Freemason, was summoned to France. He had joined the Illuminati in Congress Wilhelmsbad. Bode and Baron de Busche ("Bayard"), a Dutch army officer, in order to disguise the real purpose of their presence in France, said they were there to investigate the influence of the Jesuits in secret societies. The real reason was to implement the goals of the Illuminati in France. They started From the Lodge of Friends Meeting, changing its name to "Philalethes Lodge. Which later became the lodge of the Jacobins.
intellectuals and philosophers, played a major role in spreading the doctrine of the Illuminati. Soon other lodges ally themselves with the Philalethes, as the lodge of the Nine Sisters, "which included members such as, inter alia, Chandernos de Laclos, Sillery, Aiguillon, brothers Lameth, Dr. Guillotin, and Lafayette . And "propaganda" revolutionary, was organized by Condorcet, Abbe Sieyes, and La Rochefoucauld.
Many revolutionary leaders, seduced by ideas, join the Illuminati. The latter will finally managed to infiltrate the 266 Masonic lodges based in France in 1789, and this, unknown even to the Freemasons.
After the Revolution, the seizure of power by Bonaparte, will be an event not foreseen in their plans. The Illuminati would constantly bring down the country's new leader, who later became Emperor of the French. Napoleon was indeed an obstacle to the implementation of their goal. The Illuminati wanted the abolition of religion (with the "concordat", Napoleon had assured religious freedom in France) and a Europe that would be subject to commercial and financial oligarchies Anglo-Saxon (and of course, with the introduction of the "Continental Blockade", it was now impossible). And they wanted was a French military and political supremacy, much less of a Europe dominated by the French Empire. It will take them some time, but following the defeat at Waterloo, there will be more obstacles, and they could begin to resume unhindered, their shenanigans.
The Congress of Vienna.
They had again the opportunity to influence decisions. Thanks to the Congress of Vienna (September 1814-June 1815), the powers of Allied coalition (including England, Russia, Prussia ...), victors of the Napoleonic Wars, met at the Congress of Vienna with a large number of leaders and representatives of small states.
The main concern of Congress was to redistribute conquered territories, to create a balance of power, restore the order of the Bourbons, with the return of Louis XVIII. The return of the power of families who were in power in 1789, and put the Roman Catholic Church to its former place. The discussions turned around the possible creation of a "federation of Europe", which would establish a group of kingdoms independent would be interconnected by a government ruling that, among other things, would provide a defense and military security. In their plan, Switzerland will become a neutral state, "stunning", which will serve to secure their finances.
Shortly before his defeat at Waterloo, the Congress of Vienna talks will culminate in a treaty signed June 9, 1815. Then the second peace of Paris in November 1815, or the decision was taken by Napoleon's exile on St. Helena. On 26 September 1815 the "Treaty of Holy Alliance" was signed by Tsar Alexander 1 of Russia, Francis II of Austria and Frederick William III of Prussia. This treaty guaranteed the sovereignty of a monarch who would adhere to Christian principles in state affairs. These three countries wanted to ensure a certain "stability" to their reign of fear of revolutionary ideas spread as a result of the French occupation during the Napoleonic wars (because, when Europe was under French domination, the "Civil Code" was actually applied in other European states, not just in France. Obviously, with the fall of the French Empire, and the return of previous laws, the people saw the difference immediately. This will push to revolted against their monarchy in the years that followed).
Many European nations, who had to finance the war, had a bank debt, while the Illuminati thought they could use this dependence as a bargaining tool, and if not, as a means of pressure. But Russia, Prussia and Austria had signed their own treaty (the "Treaty of Holy Alliance"), a security measure, the Congress of Vienna is not really as successful as expected. But they will pay them later and find a way to ensure their docility thereafter. Causing the First World War which will cause the end of empires Russians, Germans and Austro-Hungarians. But they will find a parade long before that. In 1916, "Senate Congressional Record" (page 6781) reproduce a document known as the "Secret Treaty of Verona", which was signed November 22, 1822 between Austria (signed by Metternich), France (Chateaubriand ), Prussia (by Bernstet) and Russia (by Nesselrode). In order to make some changes to the "Treaty of Holy Alliance", and Article I said
"The high contracting powers being satisfied that the system of representative government is equally incompatible with the monarchical principles that the maxim of the sovereignty of the people with the divine right; mutually agree, in the most solemn manner, to use all their efforts to end the system of representative government in any country that may exist in Europe, and to prevent its introduction where it is not yet known. "
is how, with so much fear of revolutionary ideas, accepted the idea of removing the" representative government "to remove elected governments , "by the people and for the people", made its way into people's minds. So remove the notion of "democracy" (since Democracy it is the people who vote to elect these representatives). Here we must recognize their tremendous adaptability. Since the system "revolutionary" was only to be used in order to remove monarh and nobility (and not to give power to the people) and that the nobles are back, following the fall of Napoleon. they manage to "turn the tide" in their favor by removing the people's voice (no election). Controlling officers, if we can not reverse or at least, if the political situation at a given moment, does not allow it. But the Illuminati does not mean forsook the technique instrumentalization of the people, causing revolutions Appears when it suits them.
Scaramouche
